Oedipus Symbolism Essays

Oedipus Symbolism Essays Oedipus Symbolism Paper Oedipus Symbolism Paper Oedipus Symbolism Many stories from ancient times as well as present times use symbolism to prove a point or to help with the understanding of the story. Symbolisms are used in stories and plays of all kinds to help get a point across or to help clarify the meaning of the story, and the play, Oedipus the King, is no different. There are many things throughout the play that are symbolic and very important to the understanding of the play. Two of the major symbolic things in the play are blindness and binding. Both of these things have a deeper meaning than simply the literal meaning of the words used to describe them. Blindness is used as a symbol to understanding, and is seen as a physical blindness and well as a spiritual blindness with both having equal importance in showing that just because a person can see something does not mean that they understand what they are seeing or what they are supposed to see. The binding is used to help show that the prophecies of the gods will be fulfilled regardless of what man does to try and stop them. The physical binding is used to symbolize that regardless of what types of interventions are implemented, some things are just destined to be. These symbolic meanings are what make this play such an intriguing and memorable one. The first of the two symbolic things is blindness, which is used as a symbol to understanding. There are many references throughout the play about sight, seeing, blindness, and vision. Even though all of these words can essentially refer to the physical sight created by the human eyes, that is not what all of these words refer to in the play. Teiresias was a man who was physically blind and unable to see the things around him through his eyes, however when it comes to spiritual sight he could see everything clearly. Teiresias understood everything that had happened and he warned Oedipus that he did not want to know who killed his father, but Oedipus kept prying. Oedipus was the exact opposite of Teiresias when it came to blindness because Oedipus was able to physically see but was blinded spiritually as he was unable to see the truth of his life. Once everything became clear to Oedipus, he blinded himself physically by gouging out his own eyes because he was ashamed of the things that he had done. He did not like the truths that had been unveiled and he made himself physically blind after he gained his spiritual sight. Wilkie and Hurt) The second of the two symbolic things is binding. As an infant, Oedipus’ feet were literally pierced and bound together by his parents, and he was sent away to be killed. His parents did this because it had been prophesied that he would someday kill his father and sleep with his mother. However, he was not killed, but he was taken in by another family who r aised him. The physical binding of his feet left a permanent scar on him and it caused him to walk with a limp when he grew up, and it also played a large role in how he came to get his name. The binding has more than just a physical meaning though. It can also be looked at as if he was bound to the fact that he would kill his father and fulfill the things that had been prophesied by the gods. Even though his parents had tried to stop destiny by having their child sent away to be killed, in a way it seems as if they actually enabled the prophecy to be fulfilled. If Oedipus had known that it was his father that he met at the crossroads, then he probably would not have killed him. Likewise, if he had known that his mother was the prize for solving the riddle, then he probably would not have accepted the challenge or the prize. All of the people, including Oedipus, were bound to the predictions of the gods and there was nothing that any of them could do to change it. The scars on Oedipus’ feet were symbolic of being bound to the prophecy and the scars were what allowed the truth of who he really was to be proven to be true. (wikipedia. org) The symbolism throughout the play is what makes the play so memorable. Sophocles did not need to have a blind man be the one who revealed to Oedipus the truth of who murdered his father, but the fact that the man was blind simply makes the story that much better. He was blind only in the physical manner, while Oedipus was blinded spiritually. It offers the thought that just because one can see with their eyes does not mean that they are actually looking at the information right in front of them. A person may have perfect vision and be completely blinded to the truths of their being or their surroundings. The symbolism of the binding is also an important one because it shows that some things are destined to happen regardless of what interventions are utilized. The same story could have been told without the different symbolisms but it would most definitely not e the same. It may have had the same story line and the same outcome as far as who the characters were and what they did, but the meaning behind the story would have been lost. Stories with symbolism generally pull people in and tend to engrave on their memory the meaning behind it. Without symbolism this would simply be a story with far less meaning. Wilkie, Brian, and James Hurt. Lite rature of the Western World Volume I: The Ancient World Through the Renaissance. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001, 1997, 1992. Print â€Å"Oedipus the King. † Wikipedia. org. n. p. n. d. Web. 30 Sept. 2011

Terraria Guide (Editor) Essays

Terraria Guide (Editor) Essays Terraria Guide (Editor) Paper Terraria Guide (Editor) Paper Project Information: https://code. google. com/p/tsge/ Project Updates: https://code. google. com/p/tsge/downloads/list Bug Reports, Issues, and Suggestions: https://code. google. com/p/tsge/issues/list Donations: https://www. paypal. com/cgi-bin/webscr? cmd= .. :: What TSGE? ::. TSGE (which stands for Terraria Save Game Editor) is a save game editor that allows players to modify their save game files (profiles) and adjust their characters. .. :: What can TSGE do? : TSGE is a FULL save game editor. It can edit all parts ofa save game file. TSGE can edit the following: * Player name. * Difficulty setting. * Male / female character flag. * Hotbar locked status flag. * Health / Mana. * Player colors. * Player hair style. * Player buffs / debuffs. * Player inventory. * Player equipment. (Including all armor, dyes, etc. ) inventories. * Player bank and safe TSGE does not currently include an editor for server entries but upon request it can/will be added. At this time there was no demand for it before though. .. :: IS TSGE Cheating? Technically, yes. Using TSGE gives you the ability to give yourself every and any advantage of having items that others may not have. However, since the data is stored on your computer, editing the file(s) is not illegal. FAQ Q. Where can I find new versions of TSGE? A. https://code. google. com/p/tsge/ Q. TSGE wont load; help! A. Make sure you have . NET 4. 0 installed, as well as the XNA framework redistributable. . NET 4. 0 : microsoft. com/en-us/download/ details . aspx? id=17851 XNA Redist. : microsoft. om/en-us/download/ etails. aspx? id=20914 Q. Can you add a feature to TSGE? A. Sure, make a ticket here and explain the feature you want: code. google. com/p/tsge/issues/list Q. I found a bug, issue, typo, etc. A. Great, report it here: https://code. google. com/p/tsge/issues/list :: Legal Info Terraria (c) Redigit / wrww. terraria. org https:// I, atomOs, claim no ownership to the trademark Terraria or any of its content, data, images, etc. The data used in TSGE is copyright (c) to Redigit / Terraria. All rights reserved. :: TSGE License TSGE is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. TSGE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. see the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with TSGE. If not, see .

The view on 'a management revolution' presented by Gary Hamel Essay

The view on 'a management revolution' presented by Gary Hamel - Essay Example Proper management is essential if organizations are to run effortlessly and achieve their purposes. It is through management that humankind has grown tremendously over the years. However, the tools of management on which this model is built have been in use since the 19th century, with a few changes if any While organizations remain stagnated on this old management model, the business environment, and the entire world, has fully revolutionized (Chizema & Kim, 109, 2010). Since the business environment continues to change, managing continuity should be imperative to all organizations to develop a connection between the realities of past, present, and future (Kolb, 183, 2003). With markets opening beyond national borders, and business processes becoming faster and more flexible, business organizations have been forced to adapt to a model more suitable for the 21st century (Burgelman & Grove, 965, 2007). However, Gary Hamel (2009) calls for an entire revolutionary change of the current management model. In his article entitled ‘Moon shots for management’, he says, â€Å"The evolution of management has traced a classic S-curve,† and goes on to argue that a new management model must be invented for the new age. New challenges The current management model is vertically structured with precisely defined roles for every level and is guided by set rules and procedures (Pye & Pettigrew, 153, 2005). In the current business environment, effective change is achieved when a firm has an organized pattern of decisions that guide deployment of resources in response to environmental changes (strategy) and a mechanism that turns this strategy into output (organization) (Nadler &Tushman, 204, 1989). Overcoming challenges entail changing the entire organizational culture by setting new goals, visions, missions, values, and strategies (Sisaye, 176, 2000).Even though culture is complicated, differentiated and difficult to control, it should be manipulated to encom pass a deep level of unconscious basic assumptions manifested in shared values, beliefs, behaviors, and creations (Harris and Ogbonna, 32, 2002). In order to overcome these challenges, Hamel postulates that business executives â€Å"must face the fact that â€Å"tomorrow’s business imperatives lay outside the performance envelope of today’s bureaucracy-infused management practices.† . Little is known about the strategy making processes at the top level of companies (Dewally & Peck, 38, 2010). A broader insight into the leadership structure of a company is needed as part of a broader attempt to remodel management (Pye & Pettigrew, 28, 2005). In organizations, governance and decision-making is dependent on bargaining between the board of directors and CEO. This is characterized by covert and overt use of power and influence (Daily, Dalton & Canella 2003). This drive should be towards an open, inclusive, and democratic organizational form (Mintzberg, 43, 1994). Th e top management executives should adopt an inclusive management style (Liedtka, 120, 1998). The Moon Shots In May 2008, Gary outlined 25 critical points that he felt should be adopted by business organizations as a way of reinventing management to better suit the present. Hamel was keen to point out that these moon shots were not exhaustive. From the moon shots, companies first have to redefine their goals. Clear redefinition of goals must encompass building human capital and engendering employee engagement (Davenport & Larding, 259, 2010). With the current management set up, companies are encouraged to adopt management practices that are socially beneficial. Today’s corporate governance structures promote the interests of some groups while oppresses others. In many cases, the senior executives and the shareholders benefit while employees and the local communities suffer (Zerbe, Hartel & Ashkanasy, 149, 2008). This is due to existence of a large gap between leadership and ch ange management. These leaders have a high charismatic

Research proposal in the public service (public services for example Essay

Research proposal in the public service (public services for example police, fire service etc...) - Essay Example are some of the important types of public services which a government arranges for the general public. With growing population, widening areas of services, growing public expectations, constant monitoring by the public and the media besides the government appointed regulatory mechanism the public services offices have come under severe pressure to perform well. The police services for example are now under pressure to sniff the terror plots being hatched by terrorists. In addition the crimes like online identity theft, internet banking frauds etc. are further addition to the list of crimes that the local police department is supposed to investigate. The manpower and resources on the other hand has not been match up with the exponential numbers and types of crimes. It is under such circumstances that at some places, question marks are being raised about the effectiveness of the public services. Discussions are also being held to figure out the possible remedial measures that could be taken up by the government/s to make such services more effective and efficient. The main intention of the study is to develop a better understanding of the concepts of public services in general and their effectiveness in these challenging times. During the study an effort would be made to study some of the recent incidents where the role of public services has been quite constructive. In addition, some such incidents will also be analysed where the role of public services has been criticised in the media or amongst the intelligentsia. The study will try to seek answers to the following key objectives. i. To analyze the availability of some pre-identified public services with respect to the numbers of people. This will involve comparison of per capita availability of such services in different regions. ii. What types of expectations do the general populace have from the government of the day iii. Find out the impact of public private cooperation in some fields. As a part of the corporate social responsibility, a number of corporate houses have also come forward in lending a helping hand to the people and the government. An effort would be made to assess how successful such associations proved in the recent past. iv. As responsible citizens we too have a responsibility towards the state and nation, which implies that we must allow the public service offices to function in an effective manner without hampering their cause or without burdening them with our irresponsible behaviour. An effort would therefore be to assess how conscious the citizens are towards their duty as responsible citizens in making the public services more effective. v. Analyse some of the public services like Fire services, police services, health services etc. This will be an effort to point out some areas which require attention in order to make such services more effective. Approach Research approaches and methods radically influence research content and, consequently, the policies designed in response to that content. If carried out in an objective manner, research not only helps the researcher in knowing about many unknown aspects, but it often provides a benchmark for future researches as well. This thesis is more of a qualitative case study which focuses on an

Japanese Comfort Women Essay Example for Free

Japanese Comfort Women Essay It is estimated that between one and two hundred thousand female sex slaves were forced to deliver sexual services to Japanese soldiers, both before and during World War II. These women were known as comfort women and the Imperial Conference, which was composed of the emperor, representatives from the armed forces and the main Cabinet ministers, approved their use by Japanese soldiers. Walkom) The term comfort women refers to the victims of a premeditated systematic plan originated and implemented by the government of Japan to enslave women considered inferior and subject them to repeated mass rapes, said Michael D. Hausefeld, one of over 35 lawyers in his firm representing the former sexual prisoners in a class action lawsuit currently pending against the Japanese government. (Eddy) Since ancient times, prostitutes in Japan chose to sell their bodies either for family, poverty, or for saving her husband and her children. More or less, their sacrifices were seen as positive. But, being forced to become comfort woman by Japanese is seen as negative. The difference between the Japanese prostitutes and comfort women is that the comfort women did not choose to be trapped as a sex slave and they were not paid for what they did. In 1931, when the Japanese army invaded Manchuria, â€Å"comfort houses† made their first appearances. These comfort houses were created to provide the Japanese soldiers with outlets for their sexual needs. In the beginning, there were only a few comfort houses but after the Nanjin Massacre occurred in 1937, many more were added, basically to every place that the Japanese were stationed. (Walkom) After the Japanese soldiers slaughtered thousands of Chinese people in the Nanjin Massacre, they barbarically raped an insurmountable number of women. As a result, anti-Japanese sentiments grew and it became harder to fully occupy these lands. The government set up comfort houses to decrease disorder and give the approximately two million soldiers a place to satisfy their sexual needs. The Japanese did not have enough prostitutes to supply the needs of the soldiers so they commissioned civilians to develop comfort houses. At the time, only a small percentage of Japanese women were mobilized to â€Å"work† in comfort houses and they were all prostitutes to begin with. The majority of the comfort women were actually Korean women, who were forcibly taken from Korea to service the needs of the Japanese soldiers. After the war, the Japanese government destroyed all evidence of their involvement in Japanese comfort houses, enforcing that commercial businessmen were responsible for the movement of women. Many of the comfort women were kidnapped or deceived into voluntarily working in comfort houses. Once they were there, they were trapped and forced into prostitution. Some women reported that Japanese agents offered them good jobs or education. Others were told that each family in the village had to donate a daughter to the war effort. Many others were offered food, shelter and factory jobs. The Japanese also kidnapped young, unmarried girls when they had a shortage of comfort women. The ages of the girls in the comfort houses ranged from 15 to 19, with the minority exception of some younger girls and some older, married women. The girls were transported between military bases like cargo, under heavy guard in army trucks, trains, ship and bus. They were forced to lose their virginity before arriving at the bases to prepare them for having sexual intercourse with tens of soldiers every day. Many women contemplated death after this, as they believed their virginity to be more precious than life. (Henson) When living in the comfort houses, the comfort women lived in fear and desperation. They were unable to leave, as they were heavily guarded. Each day, they were penetrated by as many as 50 soldiers, until they were sore and bloated to the point of not being able to open their legs. If they were infected with a sexually transmitted disease, they received injections known as Injection 606. If infected enough times, they lost their fertility. In Japan, infected women were killed. Their food was mixed with cyanide, their bodies taken to a cave and finally, the cave was blown up with a grenade. The comfort houses made money off these women and it is believed that the Japanese government paid them, as most of the soldiers paid by coupons. As soon as the war was finished, the Japanese Imperialist guards disappeared without trace. Most comfort women describe the experience this way, Suddenly, the soldiers came no more, and upon asking we found that the war had ended. In other regions, as the Japanese committed â€Å"harikari, the women were forced to do the same. In extreme cases, the women were put in a cave and blown up. After the war, many of the comfort women were too sick to be moved and were taken under the care of the American army. Most of the women were left with no place to go, as they were in a strange country with no money, and were too humiliated to go home. According to one comfort woman, my bodys wasted, therefore I do not dare go home in fear of being ignored and looked down upon. Even after the war ended, the comfort women were not free. Their guilty minds and inferiority complexes kept them from returning home and they stayed in foreign countries. The small amount that married, were often forced to separate after the fact that they were comfort women was known, or they were divorced because they could not have children. The victims are still suffering the pain physically and psychologically. More than half of them could not get pregnant, and most of them have chronicle diseases. Furthermore, the psychological impact on these women made them felt themselves dirty, ashamed that they disgraced themselves and isolated themselves from others. They are either afraid of getting married, or unable to ask for any commitment from their lovers. For those who got married, their marriage was unstable and unhappy due to their past. Some thought that they must have done something evil in their previous life that they have to be punished in this life. (Hicks) They go to tempos to chant sutras, to confess, to pursue liberation, and they even commit suicide. Although the period of time they spent at the Japanese military base was a small part of their life, what they had experienced caused an incurable impact on their health, marriage, mind, and social adaptation. Although the Japanese government continues to deny or minimize their involvement with comfort women, their defense is unraveling. A conference on Japanese Crimes Against Humanity: Sexual Slavery and Forced Labor was held last year, in which Japanese researchers delivered papers which claimed that the Japanese military, the rest of the government, and Japanese industry were all involved in the decision to provide sex slaves for the countrys soldiers. (Chunghee) Japanese historian Hirofumi Hayashi said: The establishment and development of the military comfort women system as not only carried out by the total involvement of every section of the military but also by administrative machinery at every level of the Japanese state In addition, we should not overlook that Japanese companies were their accomplices. (Chunghee) Researchers from the Center for Research and Documentation of Japans War Responsibilities in Yokohama showed that Japanese rubber companies were under government contra ct to supply 20 million condoms a year to armed forces once the decision had been made to provide sex slaves to the soldiers. Rumiko Nishino wrote that high-ranking adjutants commissioned by Cabinet and sub-Cabinet-level government officials implemented the distribution of the condoms. The availability of condoms to the general population became almost nil. (Chunghee) Last year, the Japanese appeals court overturned an earlier ruling that orders the government to compensate women who were forced to serve as sex slaves during World War II. Both sides had appealed that ruling. The plaintiffs because they thought the compensation was too small, and the government because they refused to pay. Duke) In deciding in favor of the government, the Hiroshima High Court said abducting women to use them as forced laborers and sex slaves was not a serious constitutional violation. Tokyo has admitted that its wartime army had set up brothels, and forced thousands of Koreans, Filipinos, Dutch and Chinese to serve as prostitutes, but it has refused to compensate these victims. Historians say as many as 200,000 women were f orced into sexual slavery during World War II.

Free College Essays - Othello and Honesty :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Othello and Honesty    Honesty is one of the most important factors in Othello.   And although there is very little honesty actually present in the play the term is most commonly applied to Iago, who also happens to be the most dishonest character in Othello.   Due partly to the other characters naivetà ©, Iago is capable of manipulating, brainwashing, and molding the other characters to satisfy his need for revenge against Othello.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iago would most commonly be referred to as dishonest, however beyond that he is also downright amoral and uses other’s weaknesses to manipulate them into doing what he pleases.   From the very beginning we see how Iago manipulates Roderigo by pretending he is looking out for his best interests in the matter of Othello’s elopement with Desdemona.   He makes Barbantio angry with Othello and Desdemona by telling him about their elopement then lying about the consummation of their relationship.   He then leaves Roderigo to take responsibility for his (Iago’s) actions.   In the meantime he goes off to inform Othello that Roderigo is accountable for telling Barbantio about the relationship and saying horrible things about Othello.   Iago later brings Roderigo back into his quest for revenge when he tries to get Cassio fired from the position that Iago originally wished to obtain.   Although Cassio knows it is aga inst his better judgement to drink, Iago manipulates him into getting drunk then stages a fight between Roderigo and Cassio.   He even goes as far as to try to make Cassio look bad by telling Montano that he gets drunk regularly. Upon Iago’s explanation of the situation Othello promptly fires Cassio from his position and Iago becomes more respected in Othello’s eyes.   Roderigo is a prime example of how Iago uses people to fulfil his desires.   Iago convinces Roderigo that he could win Desdemona’s love away from Othello and the only man that stands in the way is Cassio.   In this way when he plans to humiliate Cassio it seems as if he is doing it to help out Roderigo when, in actuality, he is seeking revenge on Cassio for taking his position.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the main reasons Iago is so successful at manipulating others is because they are too guileless to realize that he is taking advantage of them.   Cassio still comes to Iago for advice after Iago rats him out and gets him fired.

Stopping Injustice

In â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† Martin Luther King Jr. claims â€Å"injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere†. This statement is accurate because unfairness or wrongness done to one person or a group of people directly, affects all indirectly. In World War 2 Adolph Hitler wanted to clear Germany of all Jews and turn Germany into a communist country. The injustice that was happening in Germany was spreading across Europe. Eventually other countries like Italy and Russia were under the influence of communism. This injustice was spreading across Europe . The United States found this to be unjust and had to interfere because they found this to be a threat to them. If there is injustice anywhere, there is an immense possibility of it spreading, thus affecting everyone and everywhere. Another example of this is the Gulf war. This war was between Iraq and an alliance organized by a number of countries. Iraq tried to take over a piece of Persia because of its rich oil supply. The United States sent a lot of support to Persia. Even though the US didn’t have anything to do with Persia but, they took the first step to defending Persia from Iraq. They believed that a country’s borders should be respected and felt that if they did not get involved in stopping Iraq from invading Persia, and allowed this injustice to happen in Persia, the rest of the world might soon follow taking over other countries by force. So Iraq’s injustice to Persia was a threat to justice everywhere else in the world. A further example would be bullying in school. Bullying would be seen as injustice that goes on in schools. In the 4th grade, a teacher did not punish a student for hitting and making fun of another student. The teacher should have stopped this injustice but because this student went free, other students started to bully the same student that had been bullied before and eventually bullying had spread across the school. In this case, injustice was not stopped in one classroom and eventually spread across the whole school. In these examples injustice was seen as a threat to others and was stopped, but when it wasn’t injustice spread and affected justice. These instances prove that Martin Luther King Jr. s quote is accurate.

Causes of Unemployment

Causes of Unemployment The current unemployment rate is 7. 4 percent it has continuously rising, the unemployment rate has increased 0. 1 percent over the past year. Unemployment is the level of joblessness among people actively looking for work in the economic system. This seems to be a constant problem in Canada. There are always people struggling for an occupation. Unemployment has many factors leading to this cause. A common cause of unemployment is many of the unemployed have gotten fired or laid off. The company may have been sold or it might be that some positions are no longer needed.It’s hard to find work right after being laid off or being fired. In general it depends on the economy if it’s down then it will difficult to find work and vice versa. Another factor of unemployment is there are too many people but not enough jobs. Furthermore, unemployment is the outcome because of overpopulation is â€Å"defined as a condition where a countrys human population ex ceeds the carrying capacity of its environment â€Å"(dictionary. Reference . com). In this case the population is more than the amount of available jobs.Lastly, those who are inborn disabled or deficiencies stay partly employed or are fully unemployed throughout their life. Illness ‘caused by industrial conditions or fatal accidents that often in the workplace. Due to the accidents it has caused them to be disabled. Some who are born with disability for example like Down syndrome or dyslexia. Disabled people are not physically or mentally capable to be in the workforce leading them to be unemployed. Therefore , the causes of unemployment are due to being aid off or fired , overpopulation or disabilities .

Illustrating Russias influence in the politics of CIS countries

Illustrating Russias influence in the politics of CIS countries The aim of this proposal is to give support to the theory that Russia still has an overwhelming political influence on the former republics of the USSR, known as the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). To illustrate Russia’s one-sided significance in the mundane political affairs of these countries, I will discuss a number of causative factors and recent examples.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Illustrating Russia’s influence in the politics of CIS countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Except for the Baltics, even today, Russia maintains military bases or border guard divisions in the former USSR republics (Bugajski and Michalewski 2002). This is because many of its vital interests are at stake in the former CIS territories including oil and coal fields, and the presence of millions of ethnic Russians who call these countries their home. As a result, Russia takes strong exception to any i nternational (NATO/US/EU) intereference in the affairs of CIS countries. Vladimir Putin held in a 2005 conference that while the objective of the European Union was to push member states towards greater integration, that of the CIS was to manage a â€Å"civilised divorce† (Markedonov 2010). Clearly, the watchword is peaceful separation which indicates that even with the dissolution of the USSR, Russia continues to maintan a strategic interest in the affairs of CIS countries, ensuring they remain under its sphere of influence. Some of the ways Russia maintains its stranglehold are through low-interest stablisation loans and business expansion plans (Kononczuk 2009). The real influence, however, lies not only in economical assistance, but the sheer amount of political interdependence between the CIS countries and Russia. Through a process of closer integration and political policies, the Kremlin has an inordinate voice in the foreign affairs of CIS member states, going as far a s dictating their relationship with other countries, most notably, the EU nations. Recently, Russia’s dominating stance has hurt the chances of democracy in Belarus, a country lying on the periphery of Europe. Alexander Lukashenko, the President of Belarus, has been in news for a very long time because of his active support towards condoning gross violations of human rights in the country (Markedonov 2010).Advertising Looking for proposal on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Being a close confidante of Vladimir Putin, he has not only been able to suppress pro-democracy movements using an iron hand, but also managed to blackmail several EU countries into cutting off their gas supplies from Russia if they interfered in the affairs of his country. In another example, a landlocked country in Central Asia, Kyrgyztan, closed a US military base in its capital Bishkek, due to direct objection fr om Moscow (Kononczuk 2009). Ukraine, whose economy is greatly dependent on largesse of Russian businessmen, recently allowed the permanent stationing of the Russian navy off the Crimean coast (Kononczuk 2009). This can be considered a subtle reminder to NATO countries lying in the neighbourhood, that their military presence within Russia’s sphere of influence is no longer welcome. In conclusion, even today, the Russian system of single-party democracy is considered the norm in many CIS countries indicating a common pattern of governance by the oligarchy, which corresponds to a general lack of accountability. Even though several CIS countries have pro-democracy factions who realize that their people can make better economic progress through closer association with the West, Russia’s influence is far too deep for any such transition to occur in the immediate future. In fact, observers believe that the growing economic might of Russia might witness the reemergence of the USSR in some form or the other This research will establish the significant role of Russia in dictating the internal political affairs of CIS countries. The research is important from the point of view of building theories on the current geopolitical influence of Russia across its extended neighbourhood, and its impact on EU countries which are increasingly being drawn close economically to Russia. The chapter summaries for this proposal will be identifed as below: Introduction The initial chapter will discuss major aims of the thesis while drawing out the proposed research as a blueprint on the questions that will have to be addressed. This would entail giving out a solid background, discussing problem areas and laying out the core hypothesis. The chapter will also discuss significance of the research, postulations, limitations of study and a final chapter summary.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Illustrating Russia’s influence in the politics of CIS countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Literature review A major part of the dissertation, this section will establish primary and secondary research on the subject and establish scholarly evidence on the same. Topics to be covered include the association between the EU and CIS, between Russia and CIS and democracy in CIS. The chapter will also have a conceptual framework along with a chapter summary to qualify the accuracy and depth of research. Methodology This section would look into the design of the study along with data collection and sampling. Additionally, it would look into testing of the design with data validity and reliability. The design will be validated using survey methods. Analysis This section would look into validating the theoretical premise of the proposal. This can be done by an investigative study of existing data. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations The objective of the final section is to perform a revi ew of literature, lay down the scope and feasibility of future studies and interpret statistical or survey data. This would include implications of current research along with future study. References Bugajski J, Michalewski M. Towards an Understanding of Russia: New European Perspectives. New York: Council on Foreign Relations: 2002. 103p. Kononczuk W. 2009. Russia uses the Crisis to Build Influence in CIS Countries.Eastweek 2:11. Markedonov S. 2010. Post-Soviet Integration: Does the CIS Work? Open Democracy [online]. Available from:  https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/post-soviet-integration-does-cis-work/.Advertising Looking for proposal on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Free Essays on A Definition Of Religion

The word religion comes from the Latin word Religio. In our society it means believing in a higher power. This higher power is usually a God and people are taught how this God came to be. When one believes in a God there are set ways of worship and a moral code that is lived by. Not every religion has a God and sometimes there are many God’s or in some instances there is no God. In any case this general definition does not do justice to all the religions because of the different beliefs that each religion has. There are many aspects to religion like animism, magic, divination, taboos, totems, sacrifice, myth, rituals, rites of passage, and ancestor veneration. Not every religion has all of these but a combination of them. Animism is the belief that everything around has spirit. Magic has many definitions but for the use of religion it is the belief that performing certain formulas, dances, and or incantations correctly one can change the course of nature. Divination is the belief where a priest or a prophet tells of the future to be. Taboo is a belief where people observe rules pertaining to their religion, like Hindus don’t eat the flesh of cattle. Totems are symbols that resemble a certain religion, clan, nation, or a group of people. Sacrifice is a very common practice throughout most religions, it entails giving something to the gods so that they may either be kept happy or for the simple reason of bringing the community and the gods closer together. Myth is one way of explainin g the way things came to be in the world; usually myths are passed on from previous generations. Rituals are usually re enactments of myths. They are ceremonies that are performed every day, several times a day, weekly, and or annually. The rites of passage are transitional points in ones life, the most prominent one being the passage from childhood to adulthood. Ancestor veneration is where people celebrate or remember their deceased family members. ... Free Essays on A Definition Of Religion Free Essays on A Definition Of Religion The word religion comes from the Latin word Religio. In our society it means believing in a higher power. This higher power is usually a God and people are taught how this God came to be. When one believes in a God there are set ways of worship and a moral code that is lived by. Not every religion has a God and sometimes there are many God’s or in some instances there is no God. In any case this general definition does not do justice to all the religions because of the different beliefs that each religion has. There are many aspects to religion like animism, magic, divination, taboos, totems, sacrifice, myth, rituals, rites of passage, and ancestor veneration. Not every religion has all of these but a combination of them. Animism is the belief that everything around has spirit. Magic has many definitions but for the use of religion it is the belief that performing certain formulas, dances, and or incantations correctly one can change the course of nature. Divination is the belief where a priest or a prophet tells of the future to be. Taboo is a belief where people observe rules pertaining to their religion, like Hindus don’t eat the flesh of cattle. Totems are symbols that resemble a certain religion, clan, nation, or a group of people. Sacrifice is a very common practice throughout most religions, it entails giving something to the gods so that they may either be kept happy or for the simple reason of bringing the community and the gods closer together. Myth is one way of explaini ng the way things came to be in the world; usually myths are passed on from previous generations. Rituals are usually re enactments of myths. They are ceremonies that are performed every day, several times a day, weekly, and or annually. The rites of passage are transitional points in ones life, the most prominent one being the passage from childhood to adulthood. Ancestor veneration is where people celebrate or remember their deceased family members. ...

Mobile phone technology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Mobile phone technology - Case Study Example (Language, Learning & Technology, 2002, 6) Furthermore, according to Kodama (2005, 22) 'technological innovation and changes in market structures are extremely swift in high-tech fields such as IT, multimedia, and biotechnology; the question of what sort of strategies or organization corporations should adopt in this rapidly changing environment is a major topic of research and practical study. In particular, for various large, leading-edge businesses like ICT (Information and Communication Technology), recent years have brought increasingly intense pressure to leverage the strategic community (SC) through partnership-based inter-organizational collaboration for the purpose of developing strategic enterprises, expanding the market shares of their products and services, and creating new businesses'. It should be noticed here that the new 3G technology is 'just the latest in a series of developments since the first generation of phones became available in the 1980s, but it is certainly one of the most hyped; With more bandwidth than earlier services, 3G can handle more information, faster, and is thus able to offer its users a richer experience through a plethora of new gadgets and features; Instead of just text-messaging and voice calls, 3G makes it possible to take and receive live video, to watch recorded video and live TV images, and to access the internet, all without wires' (Sheridan, 2003, 28). It is estimated that there are 'about 60 3G networks in 25 countries around the world. In Asia, Europe and the USA, telecommunication companies use WCDMA technology with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks' [5] II. Vodafone - Company Overview Vodafone is the 'largest mobile telecommunications network company in the world, with equity interests in 27 countries and Partner Networks in a further 33 countries. At 30 June 2006, Vodafone had approximately 186.8 million proportionate customers worldwide'[1] Although the company has achieved a high performance the previous years, the amount of money spent in the research sector is really impressive showing that the continuous development and the customer satisfaction are among the priorities of the company. In recent years, one of the most significant developments of the firm has been the introduction and the application of the 3G technology which is based on the use of advanced electronic systems in order to offer very high speeds on the transfer of voice, text and image. III. 3G technology - Description and advantages IIIa. 3G technology and the mobile industry 3G (or 3-G) is 'short for third-generation technology. It is usually used in the context of cell phones; The services associated with 3G provide the ability to transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging email, and instant messaging); The first country which introduced 3G on a large commercial scale was Japan. In 2005

Cultural Differences Can Be Difficult To Manage, Even if Anticipated Essay

Cultural Differences Can Be Difficult To Manage, Even if Anticipated - Essay Example Resource management, specifically, human resource (HR) management, can encompass a multitude of different tasks, depending on the needs of the company. International human resource management (IHRM) is usually a little more complex than resource management, as it deals with many different issues from taxation, government, culture, money, workplace values to customs and other such problems specifically geared to happen more within the framework of an international business climate than a domestic business climate. This means that a myriad of cultures, as they relate to international human resource management, are bound to either clash or conjoin. ... As P. Dowling states, "Once-safe markets are now fierce battlegrounds where firms aggressively fight for market share against foreignand domestic competitors." (Dowling,et al 1999.) In summary, according to the book, IHRM, (International Human Resource Management by Dowling, et al 1999), with current 21st century trends in place, a continued globalization effort in regard to the international marketplace is expected to keep growing to accommodate the diverse international marketplace. The Evolving Global Marketplace The 21st century international globalization effort is forcing IHR management to observe, familiarize themselves with, and provide custom solutions for similar upcoming issues for their own market sector. As this process matures over the next few decades, these companies will face many similar issues that other cross culture businesses have faced within their own corporate market. What used to be called 'communication and assertiveness' within the static bounded corporation has to now adjust to, and create clear communication across integrated supply chains, and a multinational work force, all of which can be working simultaneously on the same project. Successfully managing IHRM will give companies a strategic advantage. Companies who do not master this dynamic new facet of the global marketplace can, and will likely suffer equally dismal failure. For example, the world watched in awe, and then in disdain just a few years ago as the US space agency NASA attempted to land an explorato ry probe on the surface of mars. The multibillion dollar spacecraft crashed to the surface on Dec 3, 1999, and although NASA was slow to release details, information finally